achieving its 2045 climate neutrality target demands aggressive carbon dioxide removal (CDR) alongside substantial emissions reductions.. A comprehensive, interdisciplinary study, “CDRterra” involving over 100 researchers, has revealed the scale of the challenge and outlined potential, albeit complex, pathways forward. The report emphasizes that current levels of CO2 extraction are a mere fraction of what will be required to meet Germany’s ambitious goals.
The “CDRterra” findings necessitate an annual removal of up to 80 million tonnes of CO2 equivalents by 2045 through a combined approach of established and novel techniques. While methods like reforestation, agroforestry and “carbon farming” techniques – such as cover cropping – offer relatively quick-win solutions and can demonstrably slow climate change, the study highlights a looming conflict over land use. The competition for arable land will intensify as Germany attempts to expand carbon sinks, particularly through forestry.
Beyond readily available solutions, researchers are exploring innovative approaches including artificial photosynthesis, which utilizes solar energy to convert CO2 into carbon flakes with greater efficiency than natural processes and the development of new building materials based on gabbro, biochar and bio-based carbon fibers. These promising options, however, remain in early stages of development, requiring significant investment and research.
The study’s findings extend beyond purely technological considerations, pinpointing serious legal and structural roadblocks. Current regulations often prohibit the conversion of grasslands into forests and agricultural practices frequently lack the necessary long-term planning horizons or farmer expertise to effectively implement carbon sequestration strategies.
“CDR is not merely a technological fix; it necessitates a fundamental reform of land use and agricultural practices, along with the construction of suitable infrastructure and the creation of supportive political frameworks” stated Julia Pongratz, spokesperson for “CDRterra”. Crucially, these reforms must be implemented in close dialogue with the public to ensure broader acceptance and leverage potential ecological and societal benefits. The infrastructure required for CO2 transport and storage presents further engineering challenges that demand careful planning. The report serves as a stark reminder that achieving climate neutrality will require a systemic overhaul, not just technological innovation.
