The war in the Middle East also influences global oil supplies. According to Germany’s Federal Statistical Office (Destatis), 6.1 % of the crude‑oil that entered Germany in 2025 came from the Middle East, specifically Iraq, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Israel. That amounts to 4.6 million tonnes out of the 75.7 million tonnes that were imported in total.
In 2020 the share of imports from the same region was only 4.4 % of 84.7 million tonnes. 2025 saw no crude supplied to Germany by other Middle‑Eastern states such as Oman, Qatar, Kuwait or Iran.
For the European Union as a whole, Eurostat reports that 429.3 million tonnes of crude oil were imported in 2025, of which 13.0 % (55.9 million tonnes) originated in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia and Iraq were the largest suppliers to the EU in 2025, providing 6.9 % (29.6 million tonnes) and 5.9 % (25.1 million tonnes) respectively.
Germany’s top crude‑oil suppliers overall in 2025 were Norway (16.6 % of total imports, 12.5 million tonnes), the United States (16.4 %, 12.4 million tonnes) and Libya (13.8 %, 10.4 million tonnes).
Among Middle‑Eastern sources, Iraq was the leading provider for Germany, contributing 4.2 % of all crude imports (3.1 million tonnes), placing it seventh among Germany’s principal suppliers. The UAE followed with 1.1 % (0.801 million tonnes) and Saudi Arabia with 0.8 % (0.642 million tonnes). Saudi Arabia’s share has notably declined over recent decades: in 2020 it accounted for 2.3 % of Germany’s imports (1.9 million tonnes).
Overall German demand for crude oil has fallen sharply in recent years. In 2025, 75.7 million tonnes were imported at an average price of €477 per tonne-10.6 % less than the 84.7 million tonnes imported in 2020. Looking further back, the volume in 2025 represents a 33.9 % drop compared with 2005.
